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                                      LAKSHMI BORE WELLS

A bore well is a well of 4 ½”, to 6 ½" in diameter drilled into the earth for retrieving water. In this Bore wells are commonly for Domestic purposes while 4 ½ Inches used in Houses and  6 ½ Inches used in Fields more are for Commercial / Industrial purposes. ... High grade PVC pipes are used for Casing in bore wells.For many people drilling is only the activity above the ground that they can see and observe. A water borehole is however a specially engineered hole in the ground, making provision for water to flow into this hole and allowing for a pump to be installed inside the hole to allow abstraction of water.

       Borehole drilling has a long history. By at least the Han Dynasty the Chinese used deep borehole drilling for mining and other projects; The British sinologist and historian Michael Loewe states that borehole sites could reach as deep as 600 m (2000 ft).K.S. Tom describes the drilling process: "The Chinese method of deep drilling was accomplished by a team of men jumping on and off a beam to impact the drilling bit while the boring tool was rotated by buffalo and oxen."This was the same method used for extracting petroleum in California during the (i.e. "Kicking Her Down").A Western Han Dynasty bronze foundry discovered in Hebe had nearby mining shafts which reached depths of 100 m (328 ft) with spacious mining areas; the shafts and rooms were complete with a timber frame, ladders and iron tools.

                For many years, the world’s longest Eluri was the Eluri Subbarao in AndhraPradesh. From 2007 until August 2012 the record was held by the 12,345-meter (40,502 ft) long Sakhalin-I Odoptu OP-11 Well, offshore the Russian island Sakhalin. The Chayvo Z-44 extended-reach well took the title of the world's longest borehole on 27 August 2012. Z-44's total measured depth is 12,376 m (40,604 ft). However, ERD wells are more shallow than Eluri Subbarao, owing to a large horizontal displacement.

Bore wells and Tube wells:

    India being an agrarian country, our farmers depend mainly on groundwater for irrigation. With increasing population, lesser land holdings and organisation, deeper bore wells are dug for groundwater abstraction. Bore wells & tube wells, are very similar. Both are basically vertical drilled wells, bored into an underground aquifer in the earths surface, to extract water for various purposes. The difference in the two lies in the type of casing used, the depth of this casing and the type of soil where they are drilled. Casing to support the external surfaces of the borehole against collapse may be needed at certain depths, and usually is made up of PVC pipes. Electrical pumps are usually used to pump out the water fro the bore wells, though the government is now giving subsidy for solar pumps. This convenience of pumps may increase the depletion of the groundwater at an increased pace.

Excessive drilling of bore wells has led to exploitation of groundwater at higher rates than the rate of water recharge and caused depletion of the groundwater levels. To monitor this many states like Karnataka & Kerala have come up with laws & a statutory authority to regulate and keep tabs on the groundwater utilization. Some states have implemented groundwater legislation acts which prevent drilling of bore wells without the permission of Government Bodies in water scarce regions. However, some states allow only drilling of drinking water bore wells without the need for obtaining permission. Therefore, it is advisable to explore the details of it before drilling a bore well.